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Linux Memory Cryptographic Keys Extractor - CryKeX

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CryKeX - Linux Memory Cryptographic Keys Extractor

Properties:

Cross-platform
Minimalism
Simplicity
Interactivity
Compatibility/Portability
Application Independable
Process Wrapping
Process Injection

Dependencies:

Unix - should work on any Unix-based OS
- BASH - the whole script
- root privileges (optional)

Limitations:

AES and RSA keys only
Fails most of the time for Firefox browser
Won't work for disk encryption (LUKS) and PGP/GPG
Needs proper user privileges and memory authorizations

How it works
Some work has been already published regarding the subject of cryptograhic keys security within DRAM. Basically, we need to find something that looks like a key (entropic and specific length) and then confirm its nature by analyzing the memory structure around it (C data types).
The idea is to dump live memory of a process and use those techniques in order to find probable keys since, memory mapping doesn't change. Thanks-fully, tools exist for that purpose.
The script is not only capable of injecting into already running processes, but also wrapping new ones, by launching them separately and injecting shortly afterwards. This makes it capable of dumping keys from almost any process/binary on the system.
Of course, accessing a memory is limited by kernel, which means that you will still require privileges for a process.
Linux disk ecnryption (LUKS) uses anti-forensic technique in order to mitigate such issue, however, extracting keys from a whole memory is still possible.
Firefox browser uses somehow similar memory management, thus seems not to be affected.
Same goes for PGP/GPG.

HowTo
Installing dependencies:

sudo apt install gdb aeskeyfind rsakeyfind || echo 'have you heard about source compiling?'

An interactive example for OpenSSL AES keys:

openssl aes-128-ecb -nosalt -out testAES.enc

Enter a password twice, then some text and before terminating:

CryKeX.sh openssl

Finally, press Ctrl+D 3 times and check the result.
OpenSSL RSA keys:

openssl genrsa -des3 -out testRSA.pem 2048

When prompted for passphrase:

CryKeX.sh openssl

Verify:

openssl rsa -noout -text -in testRSA.pem

Let's extract keys from SSH:

echo 'Ciphers [email protected]' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
ssh [email protected]
CryKeX.sh ssh

From OpenVPN:

echo 'cipher AES-256-CBC' >> /etc/openvpn/server.conf
openvpn yourConf.ovpn
sudo CryKeX.sh openvpn

TrueCrypt/VeraCrypt is also affected: Select "veracrypt" file in VeraCrypt, mount with password "pass" and:

sudo CryKeX.sh veracrypt

Chromium-based browsers (thanks Google):

CryKeX.sh chromium
CryKeX.sh google-chrome

Despite Firefox not being explicitly affected, Tor Browser Bundle is still susceptible due to tunneling:

CryKeX.sh tor

As said, you can also wrap processes:

apt install libssl-dev
gcc -lcrypto cipher.c -o cipher
CryKeX.sh cipher
 wrap
 cipher

Download CryKeX

Tools to analyze MS OLE2 files and MS Office documents, for malware analysis, forensics and debugging - oletools

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oletools is a package of python tools to analyze Microsoft OLE2 files (also called Structured Storage, Compound File Binary Format or Compound Document File Format), such as Microsoft Office documents or Outlook messages, mainly for malware analysis, forensics and debugging. It is based on the olefile parser. See http://www.decalage.info/python/oletools for more info.

News

2016-11-01 v0.50: all oletools now support python 2 and 3.
- olevba: several bugfixes and improvements.
- mraptor: improved detection, added mraptor_milter for Sendmail/Postfix integration.
- rtfobj: brand new RTF parser, obfuscation-aware, improved display, detect executable files in OLE Package objects.
- setup: now creates handy command-line scripts to run oletools from any directory.
2016-06-10 v0.47: olevba added PPT97 macros support, improved handling of malformed/incomplete documents, improved error handling and JSON output, now returns an exit code based on analysis results, new --relaxed option. rtfobj: improved parsing to handle obfuscated RTF documents, added -d option to set output dir. Moved repository and documentation to GitHub.
2016-04-19 v0.46: olevba does not deobfuscate VBA expressions by default (much faster), new option --deobf to enable it. Fixed color display bug on Windows for several tools.
2016-04-12 v0.45: improved rtfobj to handle several anti-analysis tricks, improved olevba to export results in JSON format.

See the full changelog for more information.

Tools:

olebrowse: A simple GUI to browse OLE files (e.g. MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint documents), to view and extract individual data streams.
oleid: to analyze OLE files to detect specific characteristics usually found in malicious files.
olemeta: to extract all standard properties (metadata) from OLE files.
oletimes: to extract creation and modification timestamps of all streams and storages.
oledir: to display all the directory entries of an OLE file, including free and orphaned entries.
olemap: to display a map of all the sectors in an OLE file.
olevba: to extract and analyze VBA Macro source code from MS Office documents (OLE and OpenXML).
MacroRaptor: to detect malicious VBA Macros
pyxswf: to detect, extract and analyze Flash objects (SWF) that may be embedded in files such as MS Office documents (e.g. Word, Excel) and RTF, which is especially useful for malware analysis.
oleobj: to extract embedded objects from OLE files.
rtfobj: to extract embedded objects from RTF files.
and a few others (coming soon)

Projects using oletools:

oletools are used by a number of projects and online malware analysis services, including Viper, REMnux, FAME, Hybrid-analysis.com, Joe Sandbox, Deepviz, Laika BOSS, Cuckoo Sandbox, Anlyz.io, ViperMonkey, pcodedmp, dridex.malwareconfig.com, and probably VirusTotal. (Please contact me if you have or know a project using oletools)

Download and Install:
The recommended way to download and install/update the latest stable release of oletools is to use pip:

On Linux/Mac: Sudo -H pip install -U oletools
On Windows: Pip install -U oletools

This should automatically create command-line scripts to run each tool from any directory: olevba, mraptor, rtfobj, etc.
To get the latest development version instead:

On Linux/Mac: sudo -H pip install -U https://github.com/decalage2/oletools/archive/master.zip
On Windows: pip install -U https://github.com/decalage2/oletools/archive/master.zip

See the documentation for other installation options.

Documentation:
The latest version of the documentation can be found online, otherwise a copy is provided in the doc subfolder of the package.

Download oletools

A Tool For Forensic File System Reconstruction - RecuperaBit

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A software which attempts to reconstruct file system structures and recover files. Currently it supports only NTFS.

RecuperaBit attempts reconstruction of the directory structure regardless of:

missing partition table
unknown partition boundaries
partially-overwritten metadata
quick format

You can get more information about the reconstruction algorithms and the architecture used in RecuperaBit by reading my MSc thesis or checking out the slides.

Usage

usage: main.py [-h] [-s SAVEFILE] [-w] [-o OUTPUTDIR] path

Reconstruct the directory structure of possibly damaged filesystems.

positional arguments:
  path                  path to the disk image

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -s SAVEFILE, --savefile SAVEFILE
                        path of the scan save file
  -w, --overwrite       force overwrite of the save file
  -o OUTPUTDIR, --outputdir OUTPUTDIR
                        directory for restored contents and output files

The main argument is the path to a bitstream image of a disk or partition. RecuperaBit automatically determines the sectors from which partitions start.

RecuperaBit does not modify the disk image, however it does read some parts of it multiple times through the execution. It should also work on real devices, such as /dev/sda but this is not advised.
Optionally, a save file can be specified with -s . The first time, after the scanning process, results are saved in the file. After the first run, the file is read to only analyze interesting sectors and speed up the loading phase.

Overwriting the save file can be forced with -w .

RecuperaBit includes a small command line that allows the user to recover files and export the contents of a partition in CSV or body file format. These are exported in the directory specified by -o (or recuperabit_output ).

Pypy
RecuperaBit can be run with the standard cPython implementation, however speed can be increased by using it with the Pypy interpreter and JIT compiler:

pypy main.py /path/to/disk.img

Recovery of File Contents
Files can be restored one at a time or recursively, starting from a directory. After the scanning process has completed, you can check the list of partitions that can be recovered by issuing the following command at the prompt:

recoverable

Each line shows information about a partition. Let's consider the following output example:

Partition #0 -> Partition (NTFS, 15.00 MB, 11 files, Recoverable, Offset: 2048, Offset (b): 1048576, Sec/Clus: 8, MFT offset: 2080, MFT mirror offset: 17400)

If you want to recover files starting from a specific directory, you can either print the tree on screen with the tree command (very verbose for large drives) or you can export a CSV list of files (see help for details).

If you rather want to extract all files from the Root and the Lost Files nodes, you need to know the identifier for the root directory, depending on the file system type. The following are those of file systems supported by RecuperaBit:

File System Type	Root Id
NTFS	5

The id for Lost Files is -1 for every file system.

Therefore, to restore Partition #0 in our example, you need to run:

restore 0 5
restore 0 -1

The files will be saved inside the output directory specified by -o .

Download RecuperaBit

Forensic Challenges - Labs

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Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT) - NetworkMiner 2.0

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