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How to Measure Square Footage

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Knowing how to measure square footage can be very useful for real estate rental and sale purposes, and it can also help you ace your next geometry test. To measure the square footage of a space, separate the space into manageable parts, find the square footage of all those different parts (usually by multiplying length times width), and add the square footage of all separate parts together to find the square footage of the overall space.

EditSteps

EditFind the Square Footage of a Space

Break down the area into manageable parts. If you're having trouble finding the square footage, then it's probably because you're not working with a neat area with just one length and one width. The space might have squares jutting off in different places and could be shaped erratically. All you have to do is split up the space into even squares or rectangles. To find the square footage, or the area, of the entire space, you'll need to find the square footage of the individual spaces and then add them all together.
- Draw faint lines separating the different sections.
- Label them A, B, and C for your convenience.
Measure the length and width of the first space. Using a ruler or measuring tape, find the length and width of the first space you've created, Space A.
- The length of the space is , and the width is .
Multiply the length of the first space by the width of the first space. To find the square footage -- or the area -- of the space, just multiply the length times the width, just as you would do with any rectangle.
- Ex: . x . = 180 square feet
Measure the length and width of the second space. Let's say that the length of Space B is and the width of Space B is .
Multiply the length of the second space times the width of the second space. This will lead you to find the square footage of the second space. Here's how you find the square footage of Space B:
- Ex: . x . = 200 square feet.
Measure the length and width of the third space. Let's say that the length of Space C is and the width of Space C is .
Multiply the length of the third space times the width of the third space. This will lead you to find the square footage of the third space. Here's how you find the square footage of Space C:
- Ex: . x . = 700 square feet
Add the square footages of the three spaces. Once you find the sum of the square footages of the three spaces, you'll know the square footage of the entire space. Here's how you do it:
- Square footage of Space A + square footage of Space B + square footage of Space C = square footage of the entire space
- 180 + 200 + 700 = 1080 square feet

EditLearn a Few Tricks for Finding Square Footage

Find the approximation of square footage. If you're looking for an approximation of square footage, you can also try measuring the outside of your home and then subtracting any areas that won't be factored in to the square footage, such as the porch stairs or garage.
- Ceiling and floor tiles are often one square foot in size. You can simply count these to get a close approximation of the total square footage.
Find the square footage of a space that's shaped like a half-circle. If there's a part of your house that's shaped like a half of a circle, you can find the square footage of the circle by finding the area of the space as if it were a full circle and then dividing it by half. To do this, simply measure the long line that cuts the "circle" in half to get the diameter.
- Then, divide it by 2 to get the radius, and then plug that into the equation A = πr^2 where r is the radius, and divide by 2 to get the area, or square footage, of the half circle.
Find the square footage of a space that's almost regularly shaped. If you're measuring a space that is almost fully a square or a rectangle, with only a small square or rectangular part missing, then measure the square footage of the entire space as if the missing part was filled in. Then, find the square footage of the missing part and subtract it from the overall square footage to find the square footage of the space. This will save you time.

EditTips

If you have an odd shaped space, break it down into smaller regular shapes, measure separately, and add the results together.

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Intellectual property in Outer Space: still in the twilight zone

By 0x000216

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The commercialisation of activities in outer space is booming. Space launches by private actors are skyrocketing (I know: terrible pun), and space tourism is expected to be an industry in full swing soon.

This change in the landscape of outer space raises the question whether intellectual property policy is on top of things in this area. A report on this question published last month by University of Exeter researchers [to which this Kat contributed] suggests that intellectual property policy lags behind the space industry, to the extent that it is likely to be a barrier for innovation and growth in the sector. Read on for more.

The existing regulatory regime at the national level is built primarily upon the international legal framework developed in the 1960s-1970s, when the government had a monopoly over space-related technological capabilities. With the rapid increase in private commercial space activities, these traditional legal frameworks may not be well equipped to serve the flourishing of space technology as new business opportunities arise and diversify.

The privatization of space activities puts into bas relief the application of intellectual property rights in outer space, as organizations are keen to safeguard costly commercial enterprises. This issue was less pressing in the past for two main reasons. First, the commercial implications of outer space exploration were not as well-defined as they are today. Second, as space exploration was handled by state actors collaborating with each other, governments were able to settle issues around the subsistence, ownership and infringement of intellectual property by using inter-governmental agreements tailored to their needs (see here for example). These agreements serve to fill gaps existing at the intersection between space regulations and intellectual property laws.

Inter-governmental agreements are not available to private organizations, who can only manoeuvre within the framework of national law (and international regulations when they have been adequately implemented at national level). And, unfortunately, for private actors, there is currently no international agreement harmonizing national policies on what or how intellectual property rights apply in relation to assets created in or extracted from space. This is particularly problematic, considering that the space industry inherently involves cross-border activities.

In 1997, the World Intellectual Property Office conducted a consultation to register the interests of national governments in harmonizing questions of intellectual property rights in space (here, para 35). At the time, consulted states declined the offer, pointing to the lack of need for harmonizing measures, only for the international position to change two years later when a gathering of states agreed, at a conference held by the United Nations, that international consensus on the treatment of intellectual property in space would be welcome (here, para 37). To date, however, any such international policy, consensus, or agreement is yet to be formulated.

The application of intellectual property rights in relation to activities in outer space is a divisive question amongst policy-makers and scholars. This division stems from a fundamental contradiction between the spirit of international space law and the nature of the intellectual property law framework.

International space law (as formulated across various space law agreements and treaties) is premised on the idea that outer space is what we could call a ‘non-jurisdiction’; it belongs to no individual state nor can it be annexed, owned, or colonised directly or indirectly by any one country. By contrast, intellectual property rights are territorial in nature and are defined by jurisdictional boundaries.

Moreover, intellectual property rights are inherently based on the notion of appropriation. Intellectual property rights confer legal titles, often in the form of ownership, excluding others from accessing or using the relevant protected subject-matter. By contrast, international space law provides that outer space and its content may not be appropriated by anyone. This non-appropriation principle is contained in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (Article 2) and the 1979 Moon Agreement (Articles 4 and 11).

The ‘non-appropriation’ principle not only would apply to the territory itself but also to the objects or knowledge it contains. The interpretation and scope of the non-appropriation principle is intensely debated, notably in relation to intellectual property rights.

Some argue that the non-appropriation principle extends to all things created in or extracted from outer space activities, and that it rules out any application of intellectual property rights to such material. Others are in favour of a narrow interpretation, allowing the appropriation through property or intellectual property rights of objects or knowledge when it can be extracted from space. Claiming ownership over objects or knowledge that have been extracted from outer space is no longer an appropriation of space (as a territory) because these objects are technically no longer ‘in’ or ‘part of’ outer space [or so this argument goes].

Those in favour of a narrow interpretation of the non-appropriation principle point to the fact that private investment in space activities must be incentivized, a claim familiar to intellectual property lawyers.

Those arguing against this position stress that appropriating resources or knowledge extracted from space through intellectual property rights remains a form of appropriation, albeit indirect. This type of appropriation risks blocking access to vital knowledge, and eventually to outer space itself, by countries that do not have the capacity to engage and compete against current space-faring nations, such as the United States, Europe, Russia or China. Commentators talk of a risk of recreating earth-style colonization in outer space, where a handful of countries hold sufficient knowledge and expertise to outpace the rest of the world in exploiting these ‘new lands’.

The current lack of interaction between the international law of outer space, and intellectual property law emerges as a major barrier against investment and innovation to the extent that it fosters uncertainty in the application of intellectual property rights. This sentiment was shared by the representatives of key UK space organizations at a recent event held by University of Exeter researchers on 5 June 2019 June 2019 (see here for a report on the event).

To address this issue, several states have reformed their national laws to confirm the eligibility of subject-matter created in or extracted from space for intellectual property protection. The aim here is clear: encourage private investment in space exploration. This is the case of the United States, for example (see changes to US law in 1984, 2015 and 2018, respectively here, here and here).

The United Kingdom has not yet enacted any such legislation. This is so, despite the fact that it enacted the UK Space Industry Act in 2018, to regulate space activities taking place in the UK (see, here). Nevertheless, the UK (very) recently identified the space industry as a strategic economic sector, announcing the creation (which is in fact a re-establishment) of a National Space Council to promote critical national interests in outer space activities (here).

Will we see work on IP and Space done by the UK Intellectual Property Office and the new National Space Council? Only time will tell.

jstat - Tool for JVM Statistics Monitoring

By 0x000216

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In this article we are going to elaborate the jstat command tool which is a part of JAVA commands (comes with jdk package). This article is the continuation of this previous article.

As we know the standard format of commands in java, the jstat command also have the format(in command prompt).
jstat [ generalOption | outputOptions vmid [interval[s|ms] [count]] ]

In here,
generalOption : Options commons for all commands, I will define in bottom.
outputOptions : Output specific options consisting a single stateOption and any of -t/-h/-J
vmid : Virtual machine identifier, a string indicating the target JVM. I will explain in bottom.
interval[s|ms] : Interval time seconds (s) / milliseconds (ms). jstat will produce its output at each interval.
count : Number of samples to display.

jstat shows performance statistics for an JVM(Instrumented HotSpot). jstat use a identifier to get the JVM info.

jstat Options :
General Options :
-help : Shows help message. (same as other commands)
-version : Shows version information.(same as other commands)
-options : Shows list of statistics options

Output Options : Determines the content and the format of jstat's output. It has two part, stateOption and any of -t/-h/-J.
-Output formatted as table (columns are in space)

-t n : Shows time stamp(in second) as 1st column.
-h n : Sets the frequency of displaying header.
-J[option] : Pass java option to the java app launcher.

-stateOption: Defines the statistics info of jstat . It has following options
class : Statistics on the class loader. Details of shown columns are
Loaded : Number of loaded classes
Bytes : Number loaded memory in Kb.
Unloaded : Number of classes unloaded.
Bytes : Number of Kbytes unloaded.
Time : Time spent for class load and unload operations.

compiler : Statistics of the HotSpot Just-in-Time compiler. Columns details are

Compiled : Number of compilation tasks.
Failed : Number of compilation failed tasks.
Invalid : Number of compilation invalidated tasks.
Time : Time for compilation .
FailedType : Last failed Compile type.
FailedMethod : Last compile failed Class name and method.

gc : Statistics of garbage collected(GC) heap.Columns details are
S0C : Current survivor space 0 (KB).
S1C : Current survivor space 1 (KB).
S0U : Survivor space 0 (KB).
S1U : Survivor space 1 (KB).
EC : Current Eden space (KB).
EU : Eden space utilization (KB).
OC : Current old space (KB).
OU : Old space (KB).
PC : Current permanent space (KB).
PU : Permanent space (KB).
YGC : Number of young generation GC Events.
YGCT : Young generation GC Time.
FGC : Number of full GC events.
FGCT : Full garbage collection time.
GCT : Total garbage collection time.

gccapacity : Statistics of generations and their corresponding spaces.Columns details are
NGCMN : Min New generation capacity (KB).
NGCMX : Max New generation capacity (KB).
NGC : Current new generation capacity (KB).
S0C : Current survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S1C : Current survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
EC : Current eden space capacity (KB).
OGCMN : Minimum old generation capacity (KB).
OGCMX : Maximum old generation capacity (KB).
OGC : Current old generation capacity (KB).
OC : Current old space capacity (KB).
PGCMN : Minimum permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGCMX : Maximum Permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGC : Current Permanent generation capacity (KB).
PC : Current Permanent space capacity (KB).
YGC : Number of Young generation GC Events.
FGC : Number of Full GC Events.

gccause : Summary of garbage collection statistics (same to -gcutil but including last and current GC events). Additional columns other than gcutil are
LGCC :Cause of last Garbage Collection.
GCC : Cause of current Garbage Collection.

gcnew :Statistics of the behavior of new generation(in memory heap). Columns details are
S0C : Current survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S1C : Current survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
S0U : Survivor space 0 utilization (KB).
S1U : Survivor space 1 utilization (KB).
TT : Tenuring threshold.
MTT : Maximum tenuring threshold.
DSS : Desired survivor size (KB).
EC : Current eden space capacity (KB).
EU : Eden space utilization (KB).
YGC : Number of young generation GC events.
YGCT : Young generation garbage collection time.

gcnewcapacity : Statistics of the sizes of the new generations and its corresponding spaces. Columns details are
NGCMN :Minimum New Generation Capacity (KB).
NGCMX : Maximum New Generation Capacity (KB).
NGC : Current New Generation Capacity (KB).
S0CMX : Maximum survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S0C : Current survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S1CMX : Maximum survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
S1C : Current survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
ECMX : Maximum eden space capacity (KB).
EC : Current eden space capacity (KB).
YGC : Number of young generation GC events.
FGC : Number of Full GC Events.

gcold : Statistics of the behavior of the old and permanent generations(in memory heap). Columns details are
PC : Current permanent space capacity (KB).
PU : Permanent space utilization (KB).
OC : Current old space capacity (KB).
OU : Old space utilization (KB).
YGC : Number of young generation GC events.
FGC : Number of full GC events.
FGCT : Full garbage collection time.
GCT : Total garbage collection time.

gcoldcapacity : Statistics of the sizes of the old generation. Columns details are
OGCMN : Minimum Old generation capacity (KB).
OGCMX : Maximum Old generation capacity (KB).
OGC : Current old generation capacity (KB).
OC : Current old space capacity (KB).
YGC : Number of young generation GC events.
FGC : Number of full GC events.
FGCT : Full garbage collection time.
GCT : Total garbage collection time.

gcpermcapacity : Statistics of the sizes of the Permanent Generation. Columns details are
PGCMN : Minimum permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGCMX : Maximum permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGC : Current permanent generation capacity (KB).
PC : Current permanent space capacity (KB).
YGC : Number of young generation GC events.
FGC : Number of full GC events.
FGCT : Full garbage collection time.
GCT : Total garbage collection time.

gcutil : Summary of garbage collection(GC) statistics. Columns details are
S0 : Survivor space 0 utilization as a percentage of the space's current capacity.
S1 : Survivor space 1 utilization as a percentage of the space's current capacity.
E : Eden space utilization as a percentage of the space's current capacity.
O : Old space utilization as a percentage of the space's current capacity.
P : Permanent space utilization as a percentage of the space's current capacity.
YGC : Number of young generation GC events.
YGCT : Young generation garbage collection time.
FGC : Number of full GC events.
FGCT : Full garbage collection time.
GCT : Total garbage collection time.

printcompilation : HotSpot compilation method statistics. Columns details are
Compiled : Number of compiled tasks .
Size : Number of bytes of bytecode for the method.
Type : Compilation type.
Method : Class name and method name identifying the compiled method.

So, now VMI, the virtual machine Identifier, in shortcut vmid. It's a simple way to specify a vm. The syntax of a vmid string is
[protocol:][//]lvmid[@hostname][:port][/servername]
protocol : Communication protocol.
lvmid : The local virtual machine identifier for the target JVM.(kind of pid of a OS)
hostname :A hostname or IP address.
port :The default port for communicating with the remote server. For the default rmi protocol, the port indicates the port number for the rmiregistry on the remote host.
servername : It depends on implementation. Like as ,
For the optimized local protocol, this field is ignored.
For the rmi protocol, it represents the name of the RMI remote object on the remote host.

Example :

I ran jconsole application to get its PID and monitor jconsole is self for statistics. I use this command where my PID(of jconsole)= 7972, interval time 250ms and 7 time recording.
jstat -gcutil 7972 250 7

Thanks...:)

Nexus

How to Measure Square Footage

EditSteps

EditFind the Square Footage of a Space

EditLearn a Few Tricks for Finding Square Footage

EditTips

EditRelated wikiHows

EditQuick Summary

Intellectual property in Outer Space: still in the twilight zone

jstat - Tool for JVM Statistics Monitoring

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