Types Of Hacking

SQLi - SQL Injection, allows to spoof queries and get important data out of the database such as logins etc.
BSQLi - Blind SQL Injection, harder than the normal one and requires much more time.
XSS - Cross site scripting. Allows you to run CSS scripts on websites. Can be useful to steal cookies.
LFI - Local File Inclusion, allows to include a local page. Can be exploited and shell uploaded. Sometimes filtered, but you can bypass it using Null byte Injection .
RFI - Remote File Inclusion, allows you to include a page from a remote host. Usually parses the code into the .php file and executes it.
SSI - Server side includes, like code execution. Affected extensions: .shtm, .shtml and more.
RCE - Remote command/code execution, allows to execute code on the remote host.