7 Most Common Web Application Vulnerabilities
Information disclosure
This means that the system will (under certain circumstances) make information available to an outside person that might use it to craft an attack against the system. Such information includes details of the file system structure or details about the installed software, such as configuration options or version numbers. An attacker could gain important information about the system configuration that makes an attack possible.
There is a fine line between the protection against information disclosure and so called "security by obscurity". Latter means, that system administrators or developers try to protect their infrastructure or software by hiding or obscuring it. An example would be to not reveal that TYPO3 is used as the content management system or a specific version of TYPO3 is used. Security experts say, that "security by obscurity" is not security, simply because it does not solve the root of a problem (e.g. a security vulnerability) but tries to obscure the facts only.
Identity theft
Under certain conditions it may be possible that the system reveals personal data, such as customer lists, e-mail addresses, passwords, order history or financial transactions. This information can be used by criminals for fraud or financial gains. The server running a TYPO3 website should be secured so that no data can be retrieved without the consent of the owner of the website.
SQL injection
With SQL injection the attacker tries to submit modified SQL statements to the database server in order to get access to the database. This could be used to retrieve information such as customer data or user passwords or even modify the database content such as adding administrator accounts to the user table. Therefore it is necessary to carefully analyze and filter any parameters that are used in a database query.
Code injection
Similar to SQL injection described above, "code injection" includes commands or files from remote instances (RFI: Remote File Inclusion) or from the local file system (LFI: Local File Inclusion). The fetched code becomes part of the executing script and runs in the context of the TYPO3 site (so it has the same access privileges on a server level). Both attacks, RFI and LFI, are often triggered by improper verification and neutralization of user input.
Local file inclusion can lead to information disclosure (see above), for example reveal system internal files which contain configuration settings, passwords, encryption keys, etc.
Authorization bypass
In an authorization bypass attack, the cracker exploits vulnerabilities in poorly designed applications or login forms (e.g. client-side data input validation). Authentication modules shipped with the TYPO3 core are well-tested and reviewed. However, due to the open architecture of TYPO3, this systems can be extended by alternative solutions. The code quality and security aspects may vary, see chapter "Guidelines for TYPO3 Integrators: TYPO3 extensions" for further details.
Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
Cross-site scripting occurs when data that is being processed by an application is not filtered for any suspicious content. It is most common with forms on websites where a user enters data which is then processed by the application. When the data is stored or sent back to the browser in an unfiltered way, malicious code may be executed. A typical example is a comment form for a blog or guest book. When the submitted data is simply stored in the database, it will be sent back to the browser of visitors if they view the blog or guest book entries. This could be as simple as the inclusion of additional text or images, but it could also contain JavaScript code of iframes that load code from a 3rd party website.
Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF)
In this type of attack unauthorized commands are sent from a user a website trusts. Consider an editor that is logged in to an application (like a CMS or online banking service) and therefore is authorized in the system. The authorization may be stored in a session cookie in the browser of the user. An attacker might send an e-mail to the person with a link that points to a website with prepared images. When the browser is loading the images, it might actually send a request to the system where the user is logged in and execute commands in the context of the logged-in user.
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