Wrongly excluded, rightly compensated: is "but for" the best solution?
Professors can make excellent Kats ... |
In Canadian pharmaceutical law, a generic drug manufacturer seeking regulatory approval for a drug, in reliance on a comparison with a previously approved brand-name drug, must address the patents listed against that drug in a linkage system based on the US Hatch-Waxman Act.
As under US law, the generic application triggers a statutory stay of the regulatory approval until the listed patents are addressed. However, in contrast with US law, if the listed patents are ultimately determined to be invalid or not infringed, so that with hindsight we can say that the generic was wrongfully kept out of the market by the statutory stay, the generic manufacturer is statutorily entitled to damages. The rationale is that the statutory stay is functionally equivalent to an automatic interlocutory injunction, and the statutory damages are equivalent to the damages on the undertaking that would be required of a patentee seeking an interlocutory injunction.
In the first such case to go all the way to quantification, Apotex has been awarded C$215 million (approx €170 million) against Sanofi-Aventis for having wrongly been kept out of the market for ramipril (ALTACE). The judgment is available here. The basis for the calculation, discussed on Sufficient Description here, requires that the generic’s lost profits are caused by the stay on a strict “but for” basis, including an allowance for the likelihood of multiple generic entry, except that the generic is not entitled to the equivalent of springboard damages. Thus the magnitude of the award is not due to any peculiarity in the applicable principles related to the damages.